教学与科技整合:在线成人汉语口语入门课程设计Technology Integration in Teaching: Online Basic Sayable Mandarin Instruction
吴英成,邱利军
摘要(Abstract):
随着移动互联网的兴起和智能手机的普及,在线课程通过再中介化、分散化、非物质化三股数字化驱动力遍布世界各地。国际汉语教学界应顺势而为,将在线平台打造成全球汉语教室,利用前沿信息和通信技术,与教育产业深度结合,让汉语学习者能够随时随地进行自主学习,开启数字化教育新篇章。在课程理念方面,应以口语为主位,以语音、语法、词汇、文化为四大核心构件,以外语教学作为培养双语人才的模式,以5C目标及其11项标准作为与汉语世界接轨的语言学习目标,以语言知行兼容作为教学指南,以个人化按需学习配套模块作为个人学习规划总蓝图,以实时在线专业咨询与技能指导作为后台支援。在教材设计方面,应以口语发展、发音基础、汉语导读三个既独立自主又相互联系的元件作为在线汉语口语入门课程的学习路径,以超量学习策略让零起点成人汉语学习者通过精熟学习七步法掌握听说技巧,以替换、转换、回应、扩展、组合五大操练法提升语言流利度和实现语言自动化,以听力理解、口语表达两大应用练习完成指定语言学习任务。在课程研发方面,应建立课程研发新模式:设立内部课程发展处,培养在线课程数字化市场人才;成立众包课程发展处,广邀世界各地国际汉语教学同行共创本土化汉语教材,并提供后台学习支援。
关键词(KeyWords): 在线平台;汉语口语入门课程;个人化按需学习;超量学习;模仿;操练
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 吴英成,邱利军
参考文献(References):
- 柯彼德.汉语拼音在国际汉语教学中的地位和运用[J].世界汉语教学,2003(3):67-72+4.
- 吴英成.互联网+国际汉语教学:进阶式汉语发音教程[C].世界汉语教学学会秘书处.第十二届国际汉语教学研讨会论文选.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2017.
- 赵元任.第十一讲:外国语的学习跟教学[M].语言问题.北京:商务印书馆,1980a.
- 赵元任.第十六讲:从信号学的立场看中国语文[M].语言问题.北京:商务印书馆,1980b.
- 赵元任.我的语言自传[M].赵元任语言学论文集.北京:商务印书馆,2002.
- ACTFL.World-Readiness Standards for Learning Languages[S/OL].2015.https://www.actfl.org/publications/all/worldreadiness-standards-learning-languages/standards-summary.
- CHAO Y R.Mandarin Primer:An Intensive Course in Spoken Chinese(国语入门)[M].Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1948/1964.
- CHAO Y R.Language and Symbolic Systems(初级汉语)[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,1968.
- DEFRANCIS J.Beginning Chinese[M].New Haven and London:Yale University Press,1963.
- GOODWIN T.The battle is for the customer interface[J/OL].TechCrunch,March 3,2015.https://techcrunch.com/2015/03/03/in-the-age-of-disintermediation-the-battleis-all-for-the-customer-interface/.
- HAMMERLY H.Synthesis in Second Language Teaching[M].Blaine,WA:Second Language Publications,1982.
- JORDEN E H,WALTON A R.Truly foreign language:instructional challenges[J].Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,1987(490):110-124.
- KAHNEMAN D.Thinking,Fast and Slow[M].New York:Farrar,Straus and Giroux,2011.
- KUBLER C C.Basic Spoken Chinese:An Introduction to Speaking and Listening for Beginners(基础中文:听与说)[M].North Clarendon:Tuttle Publishing,2011.
- WANG K W,WOETZEL J,SOENG J,MANYIKA J,CHUI M,WONG W.Digital China:powering the economy to global competitiveness[R/OL].McKinsey Global Institute,2017.https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/china/digitalchina-powering-the-economy-to-global-competitiveness.
- WHEATLEY J K.Learning Chinese:A Foundation Course in Mandarin(汉语基础教材)[M].New Haven,CT:Yale University Press,2010.
- WIDDOWSON H G.The monolingual teaching and bilingual learning of English.In:COOPER R L,SHOHAMY E,WALTERS J.New Perspectives and Issues in Educational Language Policy:A Festschrift for Bernard Dov Spolsky[G].Amsterdam:John Benjamins,2001:7-18.